North American isoprene influence on intercontinental ozone pollution

Changing land-use and climate may alter emissions of biogenic isoprene, a key ozone (O3) precursor. Isoprene is also a precursor to peroxy acetyl nitrate (PAN) and thus affects partitioning among oxidized nitrogen (NOy) species, shifting the balance towards PAN, which more efficiently contributes to long-range transport relative to nitric acid (HNO3) which rapidly deposits. With a suite of sensitivity simulations in the MOZART-2 global tropospheric chemistry model, we gauge the relative importance of the intercontinental influence of a 20% increase in North American (NA) isoprene and a 20% decrease in NA anthropogenic emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and NOx + NMVOC + carbon monoxide + aerosols). The surface O3 response to NA isoprene emissions (1O3 ISOP) in surface air over NA is about one third of the response to all NA anthropogenic emissions (1O3 ANTH; although with different signs). Over intercontinental distances, 1O3 ISOP is relatively larger; in summer and fall, 1O3 ISOP in surface air over Europe and North Africa (EU region) is more than half of 1O3 ANTH. Future increases in NA isoprene emissions could thus offset decreases in EU surface O3 resulting from controls on NA anthropogenic emissions. Over the EU region, 1PAN ISOP at 700 hPa is roughly the same magnitude as 1PAN ANTH (oppositely signed). Outside of the continental source region, the percentage changes in PAN are at least twice as large as for surface O3, implying that long-term PAN measurements at high altitude sites may help to detect O3 precursor emission changes. We find that neither the baseline level of isoprene emissions nor the fate of isoprene nitrates contributes to the large diversity in model estimates of the anthropogenic Correspondence to: A. M. Fiore ([email protected]) emission influence on intercontinental surface O3 or oxidized nitrogen deposition reported in the recent TF HTAP multimodel studies (TFHTAP, 2007).